Brucella canis: pre-breeding screening principles
Why serial testing matters and how to interpret an ambiguous result.
Brucella canis is a zoonotic pathogen with major reproductive impact in the dog. Pre-breeding screening of both partners is an evidence-based cornerstone of responsible breeding and colony biosecurity.
- Every dog intended for breeding should be tested before every mating cycle, not once per lifetime.
- Rapid slide agglutination tests have high sensitivity but low specificity — confirmation is mandatory.
- AGID and PCR are used to confirm positive screens and to reduce false positives.
- Brucella canis is zoonotic; suspected cases require immediate involvement of a licensed veterinarian and, where applicable, public health authorities.
Testing strategy
Screen with a sensitive test (e.g., rapid slide agglutination or 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination). Confirm any positive with a specific test such as AGID or PCR from blood or tissue.
Colony implications
A confirmed positive dog should be isolated immediately and clinical decisions delegated to a licensed veterinarian. Depopulation is not always warranted, but ongoing breeding is contraindicated.
Human health
Direct contact with reproductive tissues, aborted material and semen carries zoonotic risk. Personal protective equipment is essential in suspected outbreaks.
References
- Wanke MM. Canine brucellosis. Anim Reprod Sci.
- Hensel ME, Negron ME, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Brucellosis in dogs and public health risk. Emerg Infect Dis.
Educational information only. Does not replace veterinary consultation. No diagnosis. No prescriptions. No emergency advice.